International treaties


  • Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, 1963
  • Convention on civil liability for damage caused by oil pollution, 1969
  • Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, 1972
  • International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), 1973
  • Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, 1979
  • United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Montego Bay, 1982
  • Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, 1985
  • The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, 1987
  • London Convention on International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation, 1990
  • Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, “Espoo Convention”, 1991
  • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1992
  • Convention on Biological Diversity, 1992
  • Helsinki Convention on Transboundary Effects of Industrial Accidents, 1992
  • Convention on the Protection And Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes, Helsinki, 1992
  • Convention on Civil Liability for Damage Resulting from Activities Dangerous to the Environment, 1993
  • Convention to Combat Desertification, 1994
  • Oslo Protocol to the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution, 1994
  • WTO, Marrakesh Agreement, 1994
  • Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, 1994
  • Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, 1996
  • Kyoto Protocol, 1997
  • Basel Protocol on Liability and Compensation for Damage Resulting from Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal, 1999
  • Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention on Biological Diversity, 2000
  • Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, 2001
  • The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty, Annex VI on Liability Arising from Environmental Emergencies, 2005
  • International Tropical Timber Agreement, 2006
  • Nagoya–Kuala Lumpur Supplementary Protocol on Liability and Redress to the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, 2010
  • Paris Agreement, 2015